Real-World Case Studies

Architecture case studies that trace how real companies changed systems under growth, incidents, cost pressure, and shifting product demands.

Netflix Tech Stack

Netflix's tech stack through clients, backend services, data systems, and observability.

ArchitectureStreaming

Evolution of Uber's API Layer

Uber’s API layer shifted from one gateway to layered domain-specific gateways.

API GatewayMicroservices

How Discord Stores Trillions of Messages

Discord scaled message storage by moving from MongoDB to Cassandra to ScyllaDB.

ArchitectureDatabases

Evolution of the Netflix API Architecture

Netflix API evolution from monolith to aggregation gateway and federated graph.

API ArchitectureNetflix

Uber Tech Stack

Uber's stack for real-time dispatch, platform services, data, and operations.

ArchitectureScalability

Slack Message Delivery

Slack messages flow through durable writes, fan-out, and live client sync.

MessagingSystems Atlas

10 Principles for Resilient Payment Systems

Shopify payment system principles for retries, isolation, idempotency, and flow control.

Payment SystemsResilience

Reddit Core Architecture

Reddit architecture for high-read traffic, community workloads, and gradual scaling.

ArchitectureSocial Media

Evolution of Airbnb’s Microservice Architecture

Airbnb’s move from a Rails monolith to service boundaries shaped by team ownership.

ArchitectureMicroservices

Java at Netflix

Netflix Java usage across microservices, tooling, and JVM operations.

JavaMicroservices

TikTok's 200K-File Frontend Monorepo

Large frontend monorepos through dependency graphs, selective builds, and tooling.

MonorepoPerformance

Netflix Tech Stack: CI/CD Pipeline

Netflix's CI/CD pipeline through planning, immutable artefacts, rollout control, and telemetry.

CI/CDStreaming

Netflix Architecture Overview

Netflix's architecture through clients, edge services, data platforms, and content delivery.

ArchitectureStreaming

Netflix Push Messaging at Scale

Large scale push messaging with filtering, scheduling, and provider fan-out.

Push NotificationsSystems Atlas

Airbnb Architectural Evolution

Airbnb architecture from monolith growth to service boundaries and platform scaling.

ArchitectureMicroservices

Netflix Tech Stack: Databases

Netflix's database stack through workload-specific storage, caching, and analytics systems.

DatabasesTech Stack

4 Netflix Caching Strategies

Four Netflix caching patterns for latency reduction, scale, and stream delivery.

CachingNetflix

Push Notification System Architecture

Push notification architecture for routing, preferences, delivery, and retries.

NotificationsSystems Atlas

YouTube Video Upload Pipeline

Large video uploads through chunked ingest, transcoding pipelines, and global storage.

ArchitectureScalability

Twitter For You Timeline Recommendation Pipeline

Tweet recommendation through candidate retrieval, ranking, filtering, and mixing.

Recommendation SystemsSystems Atlas

Stack Overflow System Design

Stack Overflow architecture through a read-heavy monolith, SQL, and caching.

ArchitectureSystems Atlas

Uber Tech Stack: CI/CD

Uber's CI/CD stack for builds, testing, deployment, and release control.

CI/CDUber

McDonald’s Event-Driven Architecture

Event-driven architecture through schemas, SDKs, gateways, and platform governance.

Case StudyEvent Driven Architecture

Levels.fyi Scaling with Google Sheets

Levelsfyi scaling with Google Sheets, manual workflows, and gradual backend evolution.

Google SheetsScalability

Automated Bug Fixing at Meta Scale

Meta’s SapFix pipeline finds reproducible crashes and proposes constrained repairs.

AutomationDebugging

Telegram Security Model

Telegram security through cloud chat encryption and optional secret chats.

EncryptionSecurity

Reducing Git Clone Time at Pinterest

Pinterest clone-time reduction through shallower Git fetches in build pipelines.

DevOpsGit

How Figma Scaled Postgres 100x

How Figma scaled Postgres with replication, partitioning, and workload isolation.

PostgresScaling